Ban Chao traveled along the edge of Tarim desert from south to north, fighting bravely for more than 20 years, persuaded Shule (in present Kashgar), Kizil (in present Aksu), Shache (in present Turpan),and Yanqi (in present Bayanbulak) to enter into a new alliance and fostered a cordial relation between these nations and Han Dynasty

In AD 91, Ban Chao together with General Dou Xian defeated northern Hun in a fiercely fought war. They captured more than 5,000 soldiers of Hun Chanyu, who himself ran away in a panic. After this battle of defeating Changyu, the majesty and power of Ban Chao was felt throughout the Western Regions.

In AD 92, Eastern Han Dynasty established again an protection government in Kizil for Xiyu (the Western Regions) and Ban Chao was appointed the first Governor. Under his efforts, more than 50 countries of the Western Regions established friendly relations with Han Dynasty The Silk Road had once again run freely through the Tarim Basin from south to north. The trade and economic and cultural exchange was recovered between the East and the West.

Ban Chao managed the affairs of the Western Regions for nearly 30 years. He brought with him only a small team of entourage and a few soldiers. But because mainly of his courage and resourcefulness, he was victorious everywhere on his missions to the region and forced the countries of the Western Regions to pledge allegiance to Han Dynasty, thus creating a long stable and peaceful period in the Sils Road.

He also established friendly relations with Parthia (Persia) and other countries. He even dispatched messengers to Tiaozhi (in the present Syria) and Roman Empire. The reopening of the Silk Road was instrumental in strengthening the East-West business exchanges and the integration of Han people with that of the Western Region. This was one of  the most prosperous periods in the history of the Silk Road.

In AD 102, at the age of 71, Ban Chao was recalled to Chang'an, the capital of Han Dynasty, and died the same year.