Through the previous changes, it has formed the structure of large mixed community and compact community of various nationalities in Xinjiang. There are 13 original nationalities including Uighur, Han, Kazak, Hui, Kyrgyz, Mongol, Xibe, Manchu, Uzbek, Russian, Tahur, and Tartar, Xinjiang is one of the five minority nationalities autonomous regions in China, the nationality component reaches 55, they use Chinese, Uighur, Kazak, Mongolian, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Russian, and Xibe language etc.. Xinjiang is a place with thick religion color, Islam was introduced into Xinjiang in the tenth century, before this, various nationalities in Xinjiang had believed in many kinds of religions, among of which Buddhism is predominant, nowadays many people believe in Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, Shamanism etc.. Many kinds of religions coexist, the number of people that believe in different religions is different, and it is free to select belief and paganism. The nationalities including Uighur, Kazak, Hui, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Tartar all believe in Islam almost. Due to a large quantity of Muslim mass, the buildings of mosques can be seen everywhere in Xinjiang. Aitgar Mosque in Kashi is the most famous, whenever at the important festival, hundreds of thousands of people gather on the square in front of the mosque. In Xinjiang, it can be seen that no matter how many the people number of various nationalities, they are all equal in politics, and establish the new nationality relationship of equality, unity, and mutual help. The regional autonomy for ethnic minorities system of China government is very popular. Over 50 years of the establishment of Xinjiang, among the total population over 20 million, the ethnic minorities is 60%, among of which Uighur people is 45%, Han people is 39%, other ethnic minorities is about 15%. Uighur people mainly concentrates on the oasis of Tarim Basin, Tajik people concentrates on Pamir Plateau, Xibe people lives by Ili River, Han people mainly distributes in cities and north Xinjiang.

Along with the reform and opening-up and development of market economy in China, personnel transferring, material transferring, fund transferring are increased immensely. You can see people from various places of China, including people from Henan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shanxi, Shandong, Hunan etc., certainly, foreigners from Russia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Japan and Europe can be seen on streets. Standing on the streets in Urumqi, what you can hear is not only the dialects of Han people from different places, but also different languages of minorities and languages of different countries all over the world; what you can see is not only the yellow race with black hair and black eyes, but also the white race with blue eyes and golden hair, it is a live exhibition place of nationalities and races. Although from different nationalities and different places, Xinjiang people are all with pleasant personality, straightforward and generous, artless and enthusiastic generally. Straightforward of the northern and subtle sensibility of the south have found the optimum combining site here.

Xinjiang food can be called as one main style of cooking absolutely. Muslim food is the main stream of Xinjiang food, beef and mutton is the main meat of Xinjiang people, flour is the traditional staple food of Xinjiang people, barbecue is a unique in Xinjiang, milk and dairy products are the beverage and pastry. While talking about delicacy, please don’t forget to taste the melons and fruits, Xinjiang has the reputation of “Home of Melons and Fruits,” such as grapes of Turpan, melons of Hami, apples of Aksu, bergamot pear of Korla etc., which are available in different seasons at different places. Certainly, on streets and lanes of cities, in villages of Xinjiang, there are exclusive sales restaurants of Sichuan cuisine, Cantonese cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Jiangsu & Zhejiang cuisine, and northeast cuisine; seafood of Guangdong, hotpot of Chongqing, instant-boiled meat of Beijing, snacks of Chengdu, rice noodle of Yunnan, fried rice of Yangzhou, beef noodles of Lanzhou, little lamp of Inner Mongolia, mutton soup with bread of Xi’an, and Korean snack, barbecue of South Korea, sashimi of Japan, flying pancake of India, KFC fast food and authentic foreign western food are everywhere to be found easily.