From the unearthed relics, it can be known that there have been human activities since the Old Stone Age. Western Region has been attributed to the territory of China’s Han Dynasty since B.C. 60. In 1884, the Central Government set administrative province in Xinjiang, and had the meaning of returning of native land, “Xinjiang” substituted the ancient name of “Xiyu” formally. Xinjiang was liberated in 1949, and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region was established on 1 October, 1955. Currently, Xinjiang has 14 subordinate prefectures, cities, the capital is Urumqi. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps is also the key component of Xinjiang.

Located in the northwest border area, Xinjiang is the inland hinterland with the furthest distance from sea in the world. With an area over 1.66 million square kilometers, Xinjiang occupies one sixth of total land area in China, vast in territory, it is the administrative region of provincial level with the largest area in China, which is equal to the total sum of Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai, and equal to three times native land area of French. It borders with eight countries from northeast to southwest including Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, the boundary line length is over 5600 kilometers, which is the province with the longest boundary line in China. It is the pass of famous “Silk Road” in the world that communicates the east and the west, now it becomes the only access to the second “Eurasia Land Bridge”.