The water, earth, sunshine and heat resources which Xinjiang is blessed with are extremely beneficial to the thriving of plants and crops. Its annual surface runoff amounts to 79.4 billion cubic meters, ranking 12th nation-wide, and the per capita amount of surface water is 2.2 times the country's mean value. The ground water available for tapping is 25.2 billion cubic meters. The glacier deposit accounts for 50% of the country's total. The land used for farming, forestry and livestock breeding amounts tc 63.0458 million hectares. There is 4.0255 million hectares of cultivated land, which means 3.08 mu per capita, or twice as much as the country's per capita average. There is 335.9 thousand hectares of garden plot, 6.7594 million hectares of forest as well as 51.2158 million hectares of natural forage grassland which is 20% of the country's total, second only to Inner Mongolia and ranks second in China. Xinjiang has a long history of farming that gives an abundant amount of wheat, corn, cotton, rapeseed, sweet potato, Hami melon, grape and fragrant pear, hence its enjoy a reputation as “a land of melons and fruits”

Xinjiang has a complete assortment of minerals and large deposits that bode well for future exploitation. Of all the 171 minerals that have been discovered in China, 138 have been discovered in Xinjiang and five of which top the country in terms of deposits, whereas 24 minerals rank among the top five, 41 minerals are among the top ten and 23 minerals rank first in northwest China. There are rich deposits of petrol, natural gas, coal, gold. chrome, copper, nickel, rare metal, saline minerals, construction ma-terial and nonmetal. According to estimates, the estimated coal resource is 2.19 trillion tons, or 40% of the country's reserves, leading the country in this regard; the petrol resource reaches 20.92 billion tons, accounting for 30% of China's overland resources; the natural gas resource is in the range of 10.85 trillion cubic meters, or 34% of China's overland resources. Also, there is a great variety of gold, precious stones, jade and other resources which have been famous from the ancient times to the present.